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Note:  Do not rely on this information. It is very old.

Nicholas II

Nicholas II., born at Chevron, in Savoy, formerly Bishop of Florence, was pontiff from 1058 to 1061. He did much to establish the power of the Papacy by giving the election of pope to the cardinals and by introducing clerical celibacy. He found a stout champion in Robert Guiscard, Duke of Normandy, who defended his temporal possessions in lower Italy.